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Depressive

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

Mood down most of the day for at least two years, chronically. A person may think that "it's always been like this".

Common signs

Low mood almost all the timeLow self-esteem and little energyPessimism and hopelessness

Tips

For you

  1. It can be treated even if it has lasted years
  2. Plan meaningful activities every week
  3. Psychotherapy helps change thinking patterns

For family and friends

  1. Appreciate their small steps forward
  2. Encourage them to ask for help: "I've always been like this" doesn't mean it can't change

When to ask for help

  1. If mood gets clearly worse
  2. If thoughts of death appear: 024

Are you having a really hard time? If you're thinking of harming yourself, call 024 (free, 24 hours) or 112.

Guidance test

Answer thinking about the last few weeks. There are 8 questions and you get your result straight away. Your answers are not saved or sent.

0 of 8
1. I feel down most days
2. I have been like this for more than two years
3. I have little energy
4. My self-esteem is low
5. I find it hard to make decisions
6. I feel pessimistic about the future
7. I think I've always been like this
8. I enjoy things very little
Also take the full depression test →

Free resources

Downloadable PDF sheetSigns, tips and resources to print or saveFull article: DysthymiaFree resource from Clínica VivaldiFree guide: DepressionFree resource from Clínica Vivaldi

Related disorders

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorderDepressiveDepression (major depressive disorder)DepressivePremenstrual dysphoric disorderDepressivePerinatal and postpartum depressionDepressive

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Reviewed by María Teresa Fernández Vicente, health psychologist and neuropsychologist (registration no. CV17304), in November 2026. Educational information prepared by the Clínica Vivaldi team based on the DSM-5-TR classification. It does not replace a professional assessment and cannot be used to diagnose.